[Tabular Comparison] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 (BNSS) & Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 (Cr.PC.)

Adjournment

– limits on

309

 346(2)

Anticipatory Bail

Appeals

No appeal in petty cases

– No appeal provision

Appeal by State Government against sentence

– Central Act

Appeal in case of acquittal

– Central Act

376

377

378

417

418

419

Appearance, Process to Compel Appearance – Other Rules Regarding Processes

Procedure as to letters

– Telegraph authority

Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means

– Recording of search & seizure by mobile phone

Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property

– Attachment, forfeiture, etc.

92

—

—

95

105 (New)

107 (New)

Appearance, Process to Compel Appearance – Proclamation and Attachment

Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person

– Attachment of property

 —

 86 (New)

Appearance, Processes to Compel Appearance – Summons

Form of summons

– Electronic summons

Summons how served

– Summons by electronic communication

– Record keeping

Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms and societies

– Service of summons to firm, or association of individuals other than company or corporation

Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present

– Summons by electronic communication

Service of summons on witness

– Summons by electronic communication

61

62

63

68

69

63

64

65

70

71

Appearance, Process to Compel Appearance – Warrant of Arrest

Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issue

– Information regarding arrest

 80

 82

Arrest of Persons

When may police arrest without a warrant

– Infirm/Old age person

Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making the arrest

– Information of arrest

Designated Police Officer

– Information display

Arrest on refusal to give name and residence

– Bond/Bail Bond

Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest

– Time limit of handing over arrestee (subjected to private arrest) to police

– Re-arrest by police

Arrest how made

– Hand cuffing

Obligation of person making arrest to inform about arrest, etc., to relative or friend

– Information as to arrest

Power to seize offensive weapons

– Seizure of weapons

Examination of accused by medical practitioner at request of Police Officer

– Registered medical practitioner

– Request for examination

Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner

– Registered Medical Practitioner

Examination of arrested person by medical officer

– Medical examination

Identity parade (identification of person arrested)

– Identification process

Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty- four hours

– Magistrate having jurisdiction or not

41 & 41A

41B

41C

42

43

46

50A

52

53

53A

54

54A

57

35

36

37

39

40

43

48

50

51

52

53

54

58

– Procedure for

—

 107 (New)

Audio Video Electronic Means

– definition of

 —

 2(1)(a) (New)

Bail

– definition of

—

2(1)(b) (New)

Bail Bond

– definition of

 —

2(1)(d)(New)

Bails and Bonds, Provisions as to

Maximum period for which undertrial prisoner can be detained

– Undertrial prisoner

When bail can be taken in case of non-bailable offence

– In case of a child/woman/sick or infirm

– Refusal for bail

Anticipatory bail (direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest)

– Anticipatory bail

436A

437

438

479

480

482

Bond

– definition of

—

2(1)(e)(New)

Charges – Joinder of Charges

Offences of same kind within year may be charged together

– Number of offences

219

242

Court of Session, Trial Before a

Opening case for prosecution

– Any other law for the time being in force

Discharge

– Time-limit for making application for discharge

Framing of charge

– Time-limit for framing of charges

– Accused presence in Court electronically

Evidence for prosecution

– Recording of witness, etc., by audio video electronic means

Judgment of acquittal or conviction

– Time-bound disposal of case by conviction or acquittal

Procedure in cases instituted under sub-section (2) of section 222

– Quantum of compensation

226

227

228

231

235

237

249

250

251

254

258

260

Courts, Powers of

Sentences which high courts and sessions judges may pass

– Assistant Sessions Judge

Sentences which Magistrates may pass

– Monetary limits on fines

– Metropolitan Area/Metropolitan Magistrate

– Community Service

Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial

– Concurrent imprisonment

– Maximum punishment

28

29

31

22

23

25

Criminal Cases, Transfer of

Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals

– Compensation

Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals

– Compensation

Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals

– Monetary limit

406

407

408

446

447

448

Criminal Courts and Offices, Constitution of

Metropolitan Area/Metropolitan Magistrate

– Concept abolished

Special Executive Magistrates

– Police Officer

Public Prosecutors

– Public prosecutors for National Territory of Delhi Region

– Special Public Prosecutor

Assistant Public Prosecutors

– Notice to State Government

Directorate of Prosecution

– District Directorate of Prosecution

– Eligible criteria of appointment of Director/Deputy Director of Prosecution

– Assistant Directors of Prosecution

– Roles and responsibilities of Director/Deputy Director/Assistant Director of Prosecution

6

21

24

25

25A

6

15

18

19

20

Criminal Courts in Inquiries and Trials, Jurisdiction of the

Offences committed by means of electronic communications, letters, etc.
– Electronic communication

Offence committed outside India

– Offence committed outside India

Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India

– Evidence in electronic form

182

188

189

202

208

209

Death Sentences, Submission of, for Confirmation

Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation

– Time limit for submission of death sentence proceedings to High Court by Court of Sessions

Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation

– Electronic means

366

371

407

412

Definitions

Change in definitions

– Investigation

– Words and phrases used in the legislation but not defined

New Definitions

– Audio-video electronic means

– Bail

– Bail Bond

– Bond

– Electronic communication

2(h)

2(y)

—

—

—

—

—

2(1)(l)

2(2)(New)

2(1)(a)(New)

2(1)(b)(New)

2(1)(d)(New)

2(1)(e)(New)

2(1)(i)(New)

Directorate of Prosecution

– District Directorate of prosecution

– Eligible criteria of appointment of Director/Deputy Director of Prosecution

– Assistant Director of Prosecution

– Role and Responsibility of

Electronic Communication

– Definition of

—

2(1)(i)(New)

Electronic Mode, Trial and Proceedings to Be Held in

Trial to be held in electronic mode

– Trial, inquiries and proceedings in electronic mode

—

530 (New)

Forensic Facility

– Procedure for investigation

—

176(3)(New)

Hand Cuffing

– When can be done

46

43

Inquiries and Trial, Evidence In – Commission for the Examination of Witness

No formal proof of certain documents

– Time-limit for acceptance or denial of genuineness of document

– Expert

Evidence of Public Servants, experts, Public Officers in certain cases

– Successor officer/expert

294

—

330

336(New)

Inquiries and Trials, Evidence In-Mode of Taking and Recording Evidence

Evidence to be taken in presence of accused

– Audio-video electronic means

Record in summons-cases and inquiries

– Rape cases

Record of examination of accused

– Time limit for taking signature of accused examined by electronic communication

273

274

316

308

309

281

Inquiries and Trials, General Provisions as to

Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings

– Limits on adjournments

Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting, etc.

– Magistrate’s power to order any person to give specimen signature, etc.

Provision for inquiries and trial being held in absence of accused in certain cases

– Personal attendance of accused through audio video electronics means

Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender

Withdrawal from prosecution

– Central Act

– Opportunity of hearing

Court to be open

– In camera trial provision extended to offences under Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act also

309

311A

317

—

321

327

346

349

355

356(New)

360

366

Judgment

Judgment

– Time limit for pronouncing judgment by Court

– Time-limit for loading copy of Court’s judgment on its portal

– Accused in custody to hear judgment by audio video electronic means

Treatment of victims

– Duty of hospitals to provide immediately, the first- aid or medical treatment, free of cost to victims of offences under Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012

Witness Protection Scheme

– Protection of witness

Copy of judgment to be given to accused and other persons

– Copy of Judgment to Government

Judgment when to be translated

– Translation copy

353

357C

—

363

364

392

397

398(New)

404

405

Magistrates, Complaints to

Examination of complainant

– Cognizance of complaint

200

223

Magistrates, Commencement of Proceedings Before

Issue of process

– Electronic summons

Special summons in case of petty offence

– Monetary limit of fine

Supply to accused of copy of police report and other documents

– Time limit stipulated for supply of copy of police report, FIR etc.

– Copy to victim

– Report in electronic form

Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by court of session

– Time limit and form for supply of copy

Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it

– Time limit for completion of proceedings

– Copy to Court of Sessions

204

206

207

208

209

227

229

230

231

232

Magistrate, Proceedings by, Conditions Requisite for Initiation of

Cognizance of offences by Magistrate

– Mode of taking cognizance

Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence

– Cognizance by whom

Prosecution of Judges and Public Servants

– Time limit for sanction

Prosecution for offences against marriage

– Unsound mind/child

Prosecution for defamation

– Unsound mind/child

190

195

197

198

199

210

215

218

219

222

Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents, Order for

Procedure

– Advocate

– Residence of father or mother

 126

145

Mercy Petition

– Procedure for

—

472 (New)

Offences Affecting the Administration of Justice, Provisions as to

Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence

– Fine prescribed

Procedure in certain cases of contempt

– Fine prescribed

Summary procedure for punishment for non- attendance by a witness in obedience to summons

– Fine prescribed

344

345

350

383

384

389

Plea Bargaining

Application for plea bargaining

– Time-limit for filing application for plea bargaining

– Time-limit for reaching a mutually satisfactory disposition

Disposal of case

– First time offender

265B

265E

290

293

Police, Information to the, their Powers to Investigate

Information in cognizable cases

– Electronic communication

– Information to informant/victim

– Preliminary enquiry

– Powers of Superintendent of Police

Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases

– Daily Diary

Police Officer’s power to investigate cognizable case

– Powers of Superintendent of Police/Judicial Magistrate

Procedure for investigation

– Audio-video electronic data

– Forensic facility

– Non-compliance with requirement of section 176(1)

Police Officer’s power to require attendance of witnesses

– Acute illness

– Exempted person willingness to attend

Recording of confessions and statements

– Woman Magistrate

–  Recording statement of witness

– Audio-video electronic means

– Metropolitan Area/Metropolitan Magistrate

Medical examination of victim of rape

– Time-limit for submission of medical examination report of rape victim

Search by Police Officer

– Recording of search by mobile

– Time limit for sending records

Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in 24 hours

– Period of declaration

– Detention in police station

– Audio-video electronic means

Cases to be sent to magistrate, when evidence is sufficient

– Security for appearance

Report of police officer on completion of investigation

– Requirement of time-bound completion of investigation within 2 months applicable to offences of rape and gang rape have been extended to offences under POSCO

– Electronic communication

– Progress of investigation

– Supply of copies of documents

– Time-limit for completion of investigation

Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc.

– Time-limit for sending enquiry report to DM/SDM

Power to summon persons

– Restrictions on power to summon persons

154

155

156

157

160

164

164A

165

167

170

173

174

175

173

174

175

176

179

183

184

185

187

190

193

194

195

Police, Person Bound to Follow Law Direction of

– Provision for

 —

 172 (New)

Police, Powers of Superior Officers of Police and Aid to the Magistrates and Police

Duty of officers employed in connection with affairs of a village to make a certain report

– Proclaimed offender

40

34

Police, Preventive Action of

Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police

– Binding force of lawful directions of Police

—

172 (New)

Prisons, Persons Detained in, Attendance of

Power of State Government or Central Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 302 (requirement of attendance)

– Power extends to Central Government also

268

303

Processes to Compel the Production of Things – Search and Seizure, Attachment, etc.

Summons to produce document or other thing

– Telegraph authority

– Electronic communication

– Electronic summons

 91

 94

Proclaimed Offender

– Definition of

– Attachment of property

– Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of

40

—

—

34

86 (New)

356 (New)

Property, Disposal Of

Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases

– Magistrate

– Statement of property

– Photograph/videography of property

– Time limit for disposal of property

Power to sell perishable property

– Prescribed value

451

459

497

505

Public Nuisance

Conditional order for removal of nuisance

– Scope of provision

Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause

– Audio video conference

Procedure where person against whom order is made appears to show cause

– Time-limit for completion of proceedings

Magistrate may prohibit the repetition or continuance of public nuisance

– Deputy Commissioner of Police

133

135

138

143

152

154

157

162

Public Order and Tranquility, Maintenance of Unlawful Assemblies

Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force

– Gender of person

Use of armed forces to disperse assembly

– District/Executive Magistrate

129

130

148

149

Search and Seizure

– Recording of, by mobile

—

105 (New)

Security for Keeping the Peace and for Good Behaviour

Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders

– Specified Acts

Order to be made

– Sureties

110

111

129

130

Sentences, Execution/Suspension/Remission of

– Mercy petition in death sentence cases

Power to commute sentence

– Computation of sentences

State Government to act after concurrence with Central Government in certain cases

– Central Act

—

433

435

472 (New)

474

477

Summary Trials

Power to try summarily

– Summary trial

260

283

Summons – Cases, Trial of, By Magistrates

Substance of accusation to be stated

– Release of accused

Non-appearance or death of complainant

– Time-limit for appearance of complainant

251

256

274

279

Warrant – Cases, Trial of, By Magistrates: Cases Instituted on Police Report

When accused shall be discharged

– Time limit of application for discharge by accused

– Examination of accused through audio-electronic means

Framing of charge

– Time-bound framing of charges

Evidence for prosecution

– Recording of evidence of witness by audio-video electronic means

Evidence for defence

– Examination of witness by audio-video electronic means

239

240

242

243

262

263

265

266

Warrant Cases, Trial of, By Magistrates: Cases Instituted Other than on Police Report

Procedure where accused is not discharged

– Closure of prosecution evidence where attendance of PWs cannot be secured despite giving opportunity to the prosecution and after taking all reasonable measures under this Sanhita

246

269

Warrant-cases, Trial of: Conclusion of Trial

Absence of complainant

– Time limit for presence of complainant

249

272